EL DERECHO EN LA CRISIS ALIMENTARIA DE LA EPIDEMIA DE SOBREPESO Y OBESIDAD
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Publicado:
dez 1, 2017
Palavras-chave:
Alimento, salud alimentaria, derecho alimentario, sustancias sintéticas
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Resumo
Las soluciones al problema de sobrepeso y obesidad como fenómeno epidemiológico ha estado ausente de enfoques jurídicos. En este sentido este trabajo pretende aproximarse al estudio del rol del Derecho ante el problema de la epidemia de sobrepeso y obesidad. Para ello se examina el concepto de alimento con el objeto de determinar la naturaleza de los productos ultraprocesados y sus implicaciones jurídicas, y se analiza el pael de la industria y su influencia en el diseño de las políticas públicas. Asimismo se propone el concepto de salud alimentaria como objeto de un incipiente Derecho alimentario aún por cristalizar, pero que cuyos principios están llamado a regular las complejas relaciones sociales que se derivan del hecho alimentario.
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COLMENAREZ, Pablo Miró. EL DERECHO EN LA CRISIS ALIMENTARIA DE LA EPIDEMIA DE SOBREPESO Y OBESIDAD. Revista de Direito Brasileira, Florianopolis, Brasil, v. 18, n. 7, p. 463–503, 2017. DOI: 10.26668/IndexLawJournals/2358-1352/2017.v18i7.3325. Disponível em: https://indexlaw.org/index.php/rdb/article/view/3325. Acesso em: 20 dez. 2024.
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Referências
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BIGWOOD, E.GÉRARD, A.: “Objetivos y Principios Fundamentales de un Derecho Comparado de la Alimentación.” Revista alimentaria número especial de la Universidad libre de Bruselas. Instituto de estudios europeos. Centro de investigación sobre el Derecho de la Alimentación, 1970.
BIRCH, L.: “Development of food preferences.” Annual review of nutrition, vol. 19, no 1, 1999.
BOURN, J.: Tackling obesity in England. The Stationery Office, London, UK, 2001.
BROWNELL, K. et al.: “Personal responsibility and obesity: a constructive approach to a controversial issue.” Health Affairs, vol. 29, no 3, 2010.
BROWNELL, Kelly; HORGEN, K.: “Food fight: The inside story of the food industry, America's obesity crisis, and what we can do about it.” Chicago, IL: Contemporary books, 2004.
CANDELAS, R. ALTARRIBA, M. LÓPEZ, A.: Nutrición en el climaterio. Informe de S VMFYC, Valencia, España 2016.
CASANUEVA, E. PEREZ, A. B. KAUFER, M.: Nutriología medica/Medical Nutriología. Ed. Médica Panamericana, Madrid, 2008.
CAYUELA, J.M.: Los hábitos de consumo en los modelos alimentarios. En Los modelos alimentarios a debate: la interdisciplinariedad de la alimentación. Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 2004.
CASTANG, Charles: Política y Derecho alimentario en la Comunidad Económica Europea. 1992. Disponible en http://repositori.uji.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10234/104018/Castang_Pol%EDtica_1992.pdf?sequence=1Accedido el 12 de enero de 2015.
CHAN, Margaret. WHO Director-General addresses health promotion conference. En Opening Address at the 8th Global Conference on Health Promotion. 2013. Disponible en http://wphna.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/2013-06-10-WHO-Margaret-Chan-Helsinki.pdf. Accedido el 03 de noviembre de 2015.
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DE VOGLI, Roberto; KOUVONEN, Anne; GIMENO, Da: “The influence of market deregulation on fast food consumption and body mass index: a cross-national time series analysis”. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2014, vol. 92, no 2.
DREWNOWSKI, Adam; SPECTER: ”Poverty and obesity: the role of energy density and energy costs”. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2004, vol. 79, no 1.
DREWNOWSKI, Adam: “Obesity and the food environment: dietary energy density and diet costs”. American journal of preventive medicine, 2004, vol. 27, no 3.
DREWNOWSKI, Adam: “The real contribution of added sugars and fats to obesity”. Epidemiologic reviews, 2007, vol. 29, no 1.
EICHER-MILLER, Heather; FULGONI, Victor; KEAST, Debra: "Contributions of processed foods to dietary intake in the US from 2003–2008: a report of the Food and Nutrition Science Solutions Joint Task Force of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, American Society for Nutrition, Institute of Food Technologists, and International Food Information Council." The Journal of nutrition vol. 142, no 11, 2012.
GUTIERREZ,J.B.: Ciencia Bromatológica. Principios generales de los alimentos, Madrid 2000.
HERRERA, R.: La bipolaridad del Derecho alimentario. En UE, Sociología y Derecho alimentarios: estudios jurídicos en honor de Luis González Vaqué. Ed. Aranzadi, 2013.
KATZ, M. H: “Structural interventions for addressing chronic health problems.” JAMA, vol. 302, no 6, 2009.
LUDWIG, D. S.: “Technology, diet, and the burden of chronic disease”. JAMA, vol. 305, no 13. 2011.
LUSTIG, R. H.: Fat chance: beating the odds against sugar, processed food, obesity, and disease. Penguin, 2012.
MARTÍNEZ, J. A. ANCHÍA, I. A. FRITSCH, H.M.: Alimentación y salud pública. Ed. McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2002.
MENDEZ ROCASOLANO, Marçía: “Versión actual de dignidad de la persona: un nuevo paradigma para los derechos humanos en época de crisis” en Problemática de los derechos humanos fundamentales en américa latina y europa desafíos materiales y de eficacia, Marcial Pons , 2012.
MONTEIRO C, CANNON G, LEVY RB, Claro RM, MOUBARAC J-C.: The Food System. The big issue. [Position paper] World Nutrition December 2012, 3, 12.
MONTEIRO CA, CANNON G, LEVY RB et al.: “NOVA. The star shines bright. [Food classification. Public health]” World Nutrition January-March 2016, 7.
MONTEIRO Carlos: “The Food System. Ultra-processing. The big issue for nutrition, disease, health, well-being”. World Nutrition, 3, 12. December 2012.
MONTEIRO, C. A.: “The big issue is ultra-processing. There is no such thing as a healthy ultra-processed product.[Commentary]”. Journal of the World Public Health Nutrition Association, 2011, vol. 7.
MONTEIRO, Carlos A. et al.: “Ultra‐processed products are becoming dominant in the global food system”. Obesity reviews, 2013, vol. 14, no S2.
MOODIE, R. et al.: “Profits and pandemics: prevention of harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and drink industries”. The Lancet, 2013, vol. 381, no 9867. 2013.
MOSS, M.: Salt, sugar, fat: how the food giants hooked us. Random House, 2013.
MOUBARAC, J.C. et al.: “Food classification systems based on food processing: significance and implications for policies and actions: a systematic literature review and assessment”. Current obesity reports, vol. 3, no 2,. 2014.
N GEARHARDT, Ashley, et al.: “The addiction potential of hyperpalatable foods”. Current drug abuse reviews, 2011, vol. 4, no 3.
ONETE, Bogdan Cristian, et al.: “Researching the gap between foodstuff's attractiveness and real nutritional profile-prerequisite for strengthening nutrition education and consumer rights protection”. Amfiteatru Economic, 2014, vol. 16, no 36.
PANJWANI, Clare; CARAHER, Martin: “The Public Health Responsibility Deal: brokering a deal for public health, but on whose terms?”. Health Policy, 2014, vol. 114, no 2.
PEREIRA, Mark A. et al.:”Fast-food habits, weight gain, and insulin resistance (the CARDIA study): 15-year prospective analysis”. The lancet, 2005, vol. 365, no 9453.
PICASSO, Rafael Repullo: Nutrición humana y dietética: la alimentación en la salud y en la enfermedad. Marbán, 2001.
POMERANZ, Jennifer L.; ROBERTO, Christina A.: “The Impact of ‘Food Addiction’on Food Policy”. Current Addiction Reports, 2014, vol. 1, no 2.
RECUERDA GIRELA, Miguel Ángel: “Los principios generales del derecho alimentario europeo.” Revista de derecho de la Unión Europea, no 26, 2014.
RECUERDA GIRELA, Miguel Ángel: Tratado de Derecho Alimentario. Aranzadi, Pamplona 2011.
ROBERTO, Christina A. et al.: “Patchy progress on obesity prevention: emerging examples, entrenched barriers, and new thinking”. The Lancet, 2015, vol. 385, no 9985.
ROJAS MORENO Rafael.: Nutrición y dietética para tecnólogos de los alimentos. Ediciones Díaz de Santos, 2013, pág. 199.
SLIMANI, N. et al.: “Contribution of highly industrially processed foods to the nutrient intakes and patterns of middle-aged populations in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study”. European journal of clinical nutrition, 2009, vol. 63.
SMITH, A. F.: “Fast Food and Junk Food” An Encyclopedia of What We Love to Eat [2 volumes]: ABC-CLIO, 2011.
STUCKLER, Da, et al.: “Manufacturing epidemics: the role of global producers in increased consumption of unhealthy commodities including processed foods, alcohol, and tobacco”. PLoS Med, 2012, vol. 9, no 6.
STUCKLER, Da; NESTLE, Marion: “Big food, food systems, and global health”. PLoS Med, 2012, vol. 9, no 6.
SWINBURN, Boyd A. et al.: “The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments.” The Lancet, 2011, vol. 378, no 9793.
SWINBURN, Boyd, et al.: "Strengthening of accountability systems to create healthy food environments and reduce global obesity”. The Lancet, 2015, vol. 385, no 9986.
TAVARES, Letícia Ferreira, et al.: “Relationship between ultra-processed foods and metabolic syndrome in adolescents from a Brazilian Family Doctor Program”. Public health nutrition, 2012, vol. 15, no 01.
THOW, Anne Marie; HAWKES, Corinna: “The implications of trade liberalization for diet and health: a case study from Central America” Globalization and health, 2009, vol. 5, no 1.
TINOCO, C.; LUGO, S.: “El trabajo no es artículo de comercio”. Revista Latinoamericana de Derecho Social, 2013, vol. 17.
VAN DER MEULEN, Bernd MJ. “The structure of European food law.” Laws, 2013, vol. 2, no 2.
YANCEY, Antronette K. et al.: “A cross‐sectional prevalence study of ethnically targeted and general audience outdoor obesity‐related advertising.” Milbank Quarterly, 2009, vol. 87, no 1.
BIGWOOD, E.GÉRARD, A.: “Objetivos y Principios Fundamentales de un Derecho Comparado de la Alimentación.” Revista alimentaria número especial de la Universidad libre de Bruselas. Instituto de estudios europeos. Centro de investigación sobre el Derecho de la Alimentación, 1970.
BIRCH, L.: “Development of food preferences.” Annual review of nutrition, vol. 19, no 1, 1999.
BOURN, J.: Tackling obesity in England. The Stationery Office, London, UK, 2001.
BROWNELL, K. et al.: “Personal responsibility and obesity: a constructive approach to a controversial issue.” Health Affairs, vol. 29, no 3, 2010.
BROWNELL, Kelly; HORGEN, K.: “Food fight: The inside story of the food industry, America's obesity crisis, and what we can do about it.” Chicago, IL: Contemporary books, 2004.
CANDELAS, R. ALTARRIBA, M. LÓPEZ, A.: Nutrición en el climaterio. Informe de S VMFYC, Valencia, España 2016.
CASANUEVA, E. PEREZ, A. B. KAUFER, M.: Nutriología medica/Medical Nutriología. Ed. Médica Panamericana, Madrid, 2008.
CAYUELA, J.M.: Los hábitos de consumo en los modelos alimentarios. En Los modelos alimentarios a debate: la interdisciplinariedad de la alimentación. Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 2004.
CASTANG, Charles: Política y Derecho alimentario en la Comunidad Económica Europea. 1992. Disponible en http://repositori.uji.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10234/104018/Castang_Pol%EDtica_1992.pdf?sequence=1Accedido el 12 de enero de 2015.
CHAN, Margaret. WHO Director-General addresses health promotion conference. En Opening Address at the 8th Global Conference on Health Promotion. 2013. Disponible en http://wphna.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/2013-06-10-WHO-Margaret-Chan-Helsinki.pdf. Accedido el 03 de noviembre de 2015.
DE LOMA-OSSORIO, E.:Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional. Conceptos Básicos. Programa Especial para la Seguridad Alimentaria–PESA–Centroamérica, Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Cooperación. Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional. FAO. 2007.
DE VOGLI, Roberto; KOUVONEN, Anne; GIMENO, Da: “The influence of market deregulation on fast food consumption and body mass index: a cross-national time series analysis”. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2014, vol. 92, no 2.
DREWNOWSKI, Adam; SPECTER: ”Poverty and obesity: the role of energy density and energy costs”. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2004, vol. 79, no 1.
DREWNOWSKI, Adam: “Obesity and the food environment: dietary energy density and diet costs”. American journal of preventive medicine, 2004, vol. 27, no 3.
DREWNOWSKI, Adam: “The real contribution of added sugars and fats to obesity”. Epidemiologic reviews, 2007, vol. 29, no 1.
EICHER-MILLER, Heather; FULGONI, Victor; KEAST, Debra: "Contributions of processed foods to dietary intake in the US from 2003–2008: a report of the Food and Nutrition Science Solutions Joint Task Force of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, American Society for Nutrition, Institute of Food Technologists, and International Food Information Council." The Journal of nutrition vol. 142, no 11, 2012.
GUTIERREZ,J.B.: Ciencia Bromatológica. Principios generales de los alimentos, Madrid 2000.
HERRERA, R.: La bipolaridad del Derecho alimentario. En UE, Sociología y Derecho alimentarios: estudios jurídicos en honor de Luis González Vaqué. Ed. Aranzadi, 2013.
KATZ, M. H: “Structural interventions for addressing chronic health problems.” JAMA, vol. 302, no 6, 2009.
LUDWIG, D. S.: “Technology, diet, and the burden of chronic disease”. JAMA, vol. 305, no 13. 2011.
LUSTIG, R. H.: Fat chance: beating the odds against sugar, processed food, obesity, and disease. Penguin, 2012.
MARTÍNEZ, J. A. ANCHÍA, I. A. FRITSCH, H.M.: Alimentación y salud pública. Ed. McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2002.
MENDEZ ROCASOLANO, Marçía: “Versión actual de dignidad de la persona: un nuevo paradigma para los derechos humanos en época de crisis” en Problemática de los derechos humanos fundamentales en américa latina y europa desafíos materiales y de eficacia, Marcial Pons , 2012.
MONTEIRO C, CANNON G, LEVY RB, Claro RM, MOUBARAC J-C.: The Food System. The big issue. [Position paper] World Nutrition December 2012, 3, 12.
MONTEIRO CA, CANNON G, LEVY RB et al.: “NOVA. The star shines bright. [Food classification. Public health]” World Nutrition January-March 2016, 7.
MONTEIRO Carlos: “The Food System. Ultra-processing. The big issue for nutrition, disease, health, well-being”. World Nutrition, 3, 12. December 2012.
MONTEIRO, C. A.: “The big issue is ultra-processing. There is no such thing as a healthy ultra-processed product.[Commentary]”. Journal of the World Public Health Nutrition Association, 2011, vol. 7.
MONTEIRO, Carlos A. et al.: “Ultra‐processed products are becoming dominant in the global food system”. Obesity reviews, 2013, vol. 14, no S2.
MOODIE, R. et al.: “Profits and pandemics: prevention of harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and drink industries”. The Lancet, 2013, vol. 381, no 9867. 2013.
MOSS, M.: Salt, sugar, fat: how the food giants hooked us. Random House, 2013.
MOUBARAC, J.C. et al.: “Food classification systems based on food processing: significance and implications for policies and actions: a systematic literature review and assessment”. Current obesity reports, vol. 3, no 2,. 2014.
N GEARHARDT, Ashley, et al.: “The addiction potential of hyperpalatable foods”. Current drug abuse reviews, 2011, vol. 4, no 3.
ONETE, Bogdan Cristian, et al.: “Researching the gap between foodstuff's attractiveness and real nutritional profile-prerequisite for strengthening nutrition education and consumer rights protection”. Amfiteatru Economic, 2014, vol. 16, no 36.
PANJWANI, Clare; CARAHER, Martin: “The Public Health Responsibility Deal: brokering a deal for public health, but on whose terms?”. Health Policy, 2014, vol. 114, no 2.
PEREIRA, Mark A. et al.:”Fast-food habits, weight gain, and insulin resistance (the CARDIA study): 15-year prospective analysis”. The lancet, 2005, vol. 365, no 9453.
PICASSO, Rafael Repullo: Nutrición humana y dietética: la alimentación en la salud y en la enfermedad. Marbán, 2001.
POMERANZ, Jennifer L.; ROBERTO, Christina A.: “The Impact of ‘Food Addiction’on Food Policy”. Current Addiction Reports, 2014, vol. 1, no 2.
RECUERDA GIRELA, Miguel Ángel: “Los principios generales del derecho alimentario europeo.” Revista de derecho de la Unión Europea, no 26, 2014.
RECUERDA GIRELA, Miguel Ángel: Tratado de Derecho Alimentario. Aranzadi, Pamplona 2011.
ROBERTO, Christina A. et al.: “Patchy progress on obesity prevention: emerging examples, entrenched barriers, and new thinking”. The Lancet, 2015, vol. 385, no 9985.
ROJAS MORENO Rafael.: Nutrición y dietética para tecnólogos de los alimentos. Ediciones Díaz de Santos, 2013, pág. 199.
SLIMANI, N. et al.: “Contribution of highly industrially processed foods to the nutrient intakes and patterns of middle-aged populations in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study”. European journal of clinical nutrition, 2009, vol. 63.
SMITH, A. F.: “Fast Food and Junk Food” An Encyclopedia of What We Love to Eat [2 volumes]: ABC-CLIO, 2011.
STUCKLER, Da, et al.: “Manufacturing epidemics: the role of global producers in increased consumption of unhealthy commodities including processed foods, alcohol, and tobacco”. PLoS Med, 2012, vol. 9, no 6.
STUCKLER, Da; NESTLE, Marion: “Big food, food systems, and global health”. PLoS Med, 2012, vol. 9, no 6.
SWINBURN, Boyd A. et al.: “The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments.” The Lancet, 2011, vol. 378, no 9793.
SWINBURN, Boyd, et al.: "Strengthening of accountability systems to create healthy food environments and reduce global obesity”. The Lancet, 2015, vol. 385, no 9986.
TAVARES, Letícia Ferreira, et al.: “Relationship between ultra-processed foods and metabolic syndrome in adolescents from a Brazilian Family Doctor Program”. Public health nutrition, 2012, vol. 15, no 01.
THOW, Anne Marie; HAWKES, Corinna: “The implications of trade liberalization for diet and health: a case study from Central America” Globalization and health, 2009, vol. 5, no 1.
TINOCO, C.; LUGO, S.: “El trabajo no es artículo de comercio”. Revista Latinoamericana de Derecho Social, 2013, vol. 17.
VAN DER MEULEN, Bernd MJ. “The structure of European food law.” Laws, 2013, vol. 2, no 2.
YANCEY, Antronette K. et al.: “A cross‐sectional prevalence study of ethnically targeted and general audience outdoor obesity‐related advertising.” Milbank Quarterly, 2009, vol. 87, no 1.