Democracy : Development and Improvement - The Role of Participation and Deliberation

Main Article Content

Rubens Becak

Abstract

Despite being a relatively recent phenomenon, democracy seems to have been raised to the level of a ubiquitous system so its existence and enshrinement are truly understood as a postulate. In this sense it’s very important to understand it’s evolution from the advent of the Modernity specially to understand how the model evolved adopting the representation by the political parties. Despite its qualities, the criticism about the model especially focused on the pretense lack of legitimacy, always persisted. This, in most cases, is done in order to improve its aim approaching the collective ideal. In this evolutionary bias is that we observe the construction of alternative models - we prefer to see as complementary to traditional representative by the parties - especially with the adoption of practices of direct democracy conducting to a system called semi- direct one. This is adopted by the current Brazilian Constitution with the prediction of the use of the figures of the plebiscite, referendum and popular initiative, does not seem to have exhausted the questioning and criticism. Rather these have been increased in recent decades flaring up in the nurture and coming to advocate the adoption of different experiences. These practices with mechanisms called participatory and deliberative, has the abili- ty to seek eventual democratic optimization.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
BECAK, Rubens. Democracy : Development and Improvement - The Role of Participation and Deliberation. Conpedi Law Review, Florianopolis, Brasil, v. 1, n. 2, p. 114–124, 2016. DOI: 10.26668/2448-3931_conpedilawreview/2015.v1i2.3372. Disponível em: https://indexlaw.org/index.php/conpedireview/article/view/3372. Acesso em: 13 nov. 2024.
Section
Artigos

References

AFONSO DA SILVA, José. Curso de direito constitucional positivo. 33. ed. rev. e atual. São Paulo: Malheiros, 2010.

______. O sistema representativo e a democracia semi-direta. In: CONCHA CANTÚ, Hugo A. (Coord.). Sistema representativo y democracia semidirecta: memoria del VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Derecho Constitucional. México: UNAM, 2002.

BESSON, Samantha; MARTÍ, José Luis. (Eds.). Deliberative democracy and its discontents. Hampshire: Ashgate, 2006.

BOBBIO, Norberto. Stato, governo, società: frammenti di um dizionario politico. Torino: Einaudi, 1995. (ET Saggi, 318).

BOHMAN, James. Public deliberation: pluralism, complexity, and democracy. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996.

BONAVIDES, Paulo. Teoria do Estado. 5. ed., rev. e ampl. São Paulo: Malheiros, 2004.

CANOTILHO, José Joaquim Gomes. Direito constitucional e teoria da constituição. 7. ed. Coimbra: Almedina, 2003.

CUNNINGHAM, Frank. Teorias da democracia: uma introdução crítica. Trad. Delamar José Volpato Dutra. São Paulo: Artmed, 2009. (Debates Contemporâneos).

DUNN, John. Il mito degli uguali: la lunga storia della democrazia. Trad. Rossana Stanga (do original em ingles Setting the people free: the story of democracy. London: Atlantic Books, 2005). Milano: UBE,
2008.

ELSTER, Jon. (Ed.). Deliberative democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

ESPÍN TEMPLADO, Eduardo. Una reflexión sobre la representación política y los sistemas electorales en las democracias constitucionales. In: RUIZ-RICO RUIZ, Gerardo José; GAMBINO, Silvio (Coords.). Formas de gobierno y sistemas electorales: la experiencia italiana y española. Valencia: Tirant lo blanch, 1997.

FEARON, James D. Deliberation as discussion. In: ELSTER, Jon. (Ed.). Deliberative democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1998.

FERREIRA FILHO, Manoel Gonçalves. Curso de direito constitucional. 37. ed. rev. e atual. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2011.

______. Princípios fundamentais do direito constitucional. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2009.

GAMBETTA, Diego. “Claro!”: an essay on discursive machismo. In: ELSTER, Jon. (Ed.). Deliberative democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

GARCÍA GUITIÁN, Elena. Representación y participación: la rendición de cuentas en las democracias contemporáneas. In: MENÉNDEZ ALZAMORA, Manuel. (Ed.). Participacíon y representación política. Valencia: Tirant lo blanch, 2009. (Coleccíon
Ciência Política, 30).

GINSBORG, Paul. Democracy: crisis and renewal. London: Profile, 2008.

GREPPI, Andrea. Concepciones de la democracia en el pensamiento político contemporáneo. Madrid: Trotta, 2006. (Colección Estructuras y Procesos, Serie Derecho).

GUTMANN, Amy; THOMPSON, Dennis. Why deliberative democracy? Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004.

HABERMAS, Jürgen. Direito e democracia: entre facticidade e validade. 2. ed. 2 v. Trad. Flávio Beno Siebeneichler. Rio de Janeiro: Tempo Brasileiro, 2003. (Biblioteca Tempo Universitário, 101, 102).

HELD, David. Democracy: from city-states to a cosmopolitan order? In: HELD, David.. (Ed.). Prospects for democracy: north, south, east, west. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1993.

MAQUIAVEL.(Niccolò Machiavelli) The discourses. London: Pelican,1970. (reimpr. 1974, com correções e 1983, pela Penguin). (Penguin Classics).

MILL, John Stuart. O governo representativo. Trad. E. Jacy Monteiro (do original em inglês Consideration on representative government., The Liberal Art Press, 1958). São Paulo: Ibrasa, 1983.

MONTESQUIEU (Charles-Louis de Secondat). Do espírito das leis. Trad. Fernando Henrique Cardoso e Leôncio Martins Rodrigues. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1979. (Os Pensadores.).

PATEMAN, Carole. Participation and democratic theory. London: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

SARTORI, Giovanni. Teoría de la democracia. v. 1. El debate contemporáneo. versión española de Santiago Sánchez González. Trad. Santiago Sanchez González. Madrid: Alianza, 1988.

______. Teoría de la democracia. v. 2. Los problemas clásicos. versión española de Santiago Sánchez González. Trad. Santiago Sanchez González. Madrid: Alianza, 1988.

SCHAEFER, David Lewis. “Deliberative democracy”: the transformation of a political concept. In: SCHAEFER, David Lewis. (Ed.) Democratic decision-making: historical and contemporary
perspectives. New York: Lexington, 2012.

SIEYÈS, Emmanuel Joseph. Qu’est-ce que le tiers état? Paris: Boucher, 2002.

TILLY, Charles. Democracia. Trad.: Raimundo Viejo Viñas (do original em inglês Democracy, Cambridge, 2007). Madrid: Akal, 2010.

TOCQUEVILLE. Alexis de. Democracy in America. Trad. Henry Reeve. London: Oxford University Press, 1959.